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href="/signataires/aurelie-collas/">Aurélie Collas</a> </span> </p> <section class="meta__date-reading"> <span class="meta__date meta__date--header">Publié le 08 octobre 2014 à 20h24, modifié le 19 août 2019 à 14h43</span> <p class="meta__reading-time meta__reading-time--header"> <span class="icon__reading-time"></span> <span class="sr-only">Temps de </span>Lecture 2 min.</span> </p> </section> <ul class="meta meta__social"> <li class="meta__icon meta__icon--favorite js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" data-position="top" data-article-id="7494" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" tabindex="0" role="button"> <div id="onboardingFirstStep" class="meta__link meta__link--full meta__link-wrapper"> <span class="icon__favorites"></span> <span class="icon__description">Ajouter à vos sélections</span> </div> <div class="lmd-tooltip lmd-tooltip--hidden lmd-tooltip--blue" role="tooltip" data-target="onboardingFirstStep" data-position="bottom-start"> <div 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Mais le défi de former de bons didacticiens et pédagogues est loin d’être relevé, si l’on en croit les inspections générales de l’éducation nationale et de l’enseignement supérieur. Un rapport, publié mercredi 8 octobre, dresse un premier bilan sévère des écoles supérieures du professorat et de l’éducation (ESPE, ex-IUFM), qui ont ouvert leurs portes à la rentrée 2013.</p> <section class="catcher catcher--favoris"> <div class="catcher__content"><span class="catcher__title"> Lire aussi </span><span class="catcher__desc"> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés</span></span> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/education/article/2014/10/09/l-ecole-francaise-en-retard-d-une-revolution_4503181_1473685.html" class="js-article-read-also catcher--favoris__link" data-premium="1">L’école française en retard d’une révolution </a> </span> </div> <div class="catcher__favorite"> <button class="lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--primary lmd-btn-icon--m js-trigger-favorite js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" aria-label="Ajouter à vos sélections" data-article-id="9239" data-position="lire aussi" data-url="https://www.lemonde.fr/education/article/2014/10/09/l-ecole-francaise-en-retard-d-une-revolution_4503181_1473685.html" data-status=""> <span class="icon__favorites"></span> <span class="js-btn-icon-tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Ajouter à vos sélections</span> </button> </div> </section> <p class="article__paragraph">L’enjeu de cette réforme était de « professionnaliser » une formation des enseignants à laquelle on a longtemps reproché d’être trop centrée sur les savoirs, pas assez sur les savoir-faire. La conclusion des inspections générales montre que tout reste à faire : dans les mois à venir, les écoles du professorat vont être confrontées à de <em>« redoutables défis »</em> pour <em>« réussir la mutation des ex-IUFM en ESPE » </em>et <em>« vaincre les résistances culturelles »</em>.</p> <p class="article__paragraph"> </p> <h2 class="article__sub-title">« Un choc des cultures »</h2> <p class="article__paragraph">Le premier ingrédient de la réforme était le rétablissement de l’année de formation en alternance, supprimée par la droite en 2010. C’est chose faite : les étudiants assurent neuf heures de cours par semaine, parallèlement à leur master. Il fallait ensuite que théorie et pratique s’articulent étroitement, pour apprendre, tout à la fois, une discipline et comment l’enseigner. Pour ce faire, les équipes de formateurs devaient mêler universitaires, personnels d’IUFM et enseignants de terrain. Un peu comme dans les grandes écoles, où des professionnels viennent faire cours et construisent les formations avec les enseignants.</p> <div id="inread_top-5" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread_top" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph">Or, les liens entre les ESPE et les praticiens <em>« n’ont souvent été, dans le meilleur des cas, qu’assez formels »,</em> déplorent les inspections générales. Dans les établissements scolaires, les stagiaires ont rarement bénéficié de visites de leurs formateurs universitaires. Ils ont été suivis par des enseignants « tuteurs » qui n’étaient pas forcément formés ni même sensibilisés à l’accompagnement des débutants.</p> <p class="article__paragraph">Au fil des pages du rapport se dessine le tableau de deux mondes – éducation nationale et université – qui se côtoient encore peu. <em>« Un choc des cultures »,</em> écrit l’inspection, qu’il sera difficile de surmonter. D’un côté, l’éducation nationale n’apparaît pas encore totalement impliquée dans la formation de ses futurs professeurs. De l’autre, l’université peine à accepter une formation plus professionnalisante, qui met l’accent autant sur la transmission des savoirs que sur les savoirs eux-mêmes.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title">Mise en œuvre « laborieuse »</h2> <p class="article__paragraph">Au ministère de l’enseignement supérieur, on se veut patient. <em>« Ce rapport est un point d’étape dans un processus d’amélioration continu, </em>rappelle-t-on dans l’entourage de Geneviève Fioraso. <em>Le travail n’est pas fini : la professionnalisation de la formation et des concours, la structure des ESPE vont encore se consolider. »</em></p> <div id="inread-9" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph">Il est vrai que les ESPE viennent de souffler leur première bougie. En 2013-2014, elles ont dû parer au plus pressé et faire face, dans un calendrier très contraint, à une multitude de tâches : mettre en place leurs instances de direction et de concertation, concevoir les maquettes des masters, adapter leur formation aux nouvelles épreuves des concours de l’enseignement… Cette <em>« pluralité des tâches permet de comprendre, sinon d’expliquer, les approximations, les retards, les incompréhensions, les critiques », </em>concèdent les inspecteurs généraux.</p> <p class="article__paragraph">Reste que les étudiants ont eu le sentiment d’avoir payé les pots cassés de cette mise en œuvre <em>« laborieuse » </em>de la réforme. Le rapport évoque leurs inquiétudes quant aux épreuves des concours rénovés dont ils ignoraient précisément la nature, leur surcharge de travail, le manque de suivi lors des stages et les nombreuses questions auxquelles on ne leur a pas toujours répondu. Leurs successeurs, cette année, devraient avoir un horizon un peu plus dégagé.</p> <section class="author"> <p class="article__author-container"> <span class="author__detail"><a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/aurelie-collas/"> <span class="author__name">Aurélie Collas</span></a></span> </p> </section> <section class="article__reactions"> <section id="js-paywall-comments" class="paywall__comments"> <header class="paywall__comments-header"> <div class="paywall__comments-title">L’espace des contributions est réservé aux abonnés.</div> <div class="paywall__comments-subtitle">Abonnez-vous pour accéder à cet espace d’échange et contribuer à la discussion.</div> </header> <section class="paywall__comments-btn"> <section class="paywall__comments-subscribe"> <a href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/?lmd_medium=BOUTONS_LMFR&lmd_campaign=CONTRIBUTION_ARTICLE" class="btn btn--premium js-btn-premium">S’abonner</a> </section> </section> <section class="paywall__comments-close"></section> 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