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jnews_article_top_ads"><div class="ads-wrapper"></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><div class="entry-header"><h1 class="jeg_post_title">L’influence historique de l’hindouisme en Thaïlande</h1><div class="jeg_meta_container"><div class="jeg_post_meta jeg_post_meta_1"><div class="meta_left"><div class="jeg_meta_author"> <img alt="Loris Curtenaz" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5ee8dbd0d65bc02a2e43cd258a8a0310?s=80&d=mm&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5ee8dbd0d65bc02a2e43cd258a8a0310?s=160&d=mm&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-80 photo" height="80" width="80" decoding="async" /> <span class="meta_text">by</span> <a href="https://www.thailande-fr.com/author/loriscz">Loris Curtenaz</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"> <a href="https://www.thailande-fr.com/culture/37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande">18/12/2015</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_category"> <span><span class="meta_text">in</span> <a href="https://www.thailande-fr.com/categorie/culture" rel="category tag">Culture</a><span class="category-separator">, </span><a href="https://www.thailande-fr.com/categorie/culture/histoire" rel="category tag">Histoire</a> </span></div><div class="jeg_meta_reading_time"> <span> Reading Time: 4 mins read </span></div></div><div class="meta_right"><div class="jeg_meta_zoom" data-in-step="3" data-out-step="2"><div class="zoom-dropdown"><div class="zoom-icon"> <span class="zoom-icon-small">A</span> <span class="zoom-icon-big">A</span></div><div class="zoom-item-wrapper"><div class="zoom-item"> <button class="zoom-out"><span>A</span></button> <button class="zoom-in"><span>A</span></button><div class="zoom-bar-container"><div class="zoom-bar"></div></div> <button class="zoom-reset"><span>Reset</span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="jeg_featured featured_image"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Shiva_Ramintra.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&ssl=1"><div class="thumbnail-container" style="padding-bottom:50%"><img fetchpriority="high" width="1140" height="570" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Shiva_Ramintra.jpg?resize=1140%2C570&ssl=1" class="attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 wp-post-image" alt="Shiva Ramintra - thailande-fr" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="37960" data-permalink="https://www.thailande-fr.com/culture/37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande/attachment/shiva_ramintra" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Shiva_Ramintra.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&ssl=1" data-orig-size="1200,674" data-comments-opened="1" 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share-monocrhome"><div class="jeg_share_float_container"><div class="jeg_sharelist"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thailande-fr.com%2Fculture%2F37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande" rel="nofollow" class="jeg_btn-facebook expanded"><i class="fa fa-facebook-official"></i><span>Share on Facebook</span></a><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=L%E2%80%99influence%20historique%20de%20l%E2%80%99hindouisme%20en%20Tha%C3%AFlande%20via%20%40thailandefr&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thailande-fr.com%2Fculture%2F37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande" rel="nofollow" class="jeg_btn-twitter expanded"><i class="fa fa-twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z" /></svg></i><span>Share on Twitter</span></a><div class="share-secondary"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thailande-fr.com%2Fculture%2F37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande&title=L%E2%80%99influence%20historique%20de%20l%E2%80%99hindouisme%20en%20Tha%C3%AFlande" rel="nofollow" class="jeg_btn-linkedin"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a><a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/bookmarklet/?pinFave=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thailande-fr.com%2Fculture%2F37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande&media=https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Shiva_Ramintra.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&ssl=1&description=L%E2%80%99influence%20historique%20de%20l%E2%80%99hindouisme%20en%20Tha%C3%AFlande" rel="nofollow" class="jeg_btn-pinterest"><i class="fa fa-pinterest"></i></a></div> <a href="#" class="jeg_btn-toggle"><i class="fa fa-share"></i></a></div></div></div><div class="content-inner jeg_link_underline"><p>Les liens du territoire de la Thaïlande actuelle avec l’hindouisme sont millénaires suite à l’indianisation de l’Asie du Sud-est et la domination successive de ces contrées par les civilisations d<span class="st">vâravatî</span>, khmer puis thaï.<span id="more-37840"></span></p><p>On retrouve aujourd’hui cet héritage dans les ruines de somptueux temples dédiés à des dieux hindous tel <em>Phanom Rung</em> à Buriram et <em>Sdok Kok Thom</em> à Aranyaprathet, tous deux construits en l’honneur de <em>Shiva</em>, ou encore le <em>Prang Khaek</em> en plein centre de Lopburi.</p><div class="jnews_inline_related_post_wrapper left"><div class="jnews_inline_related_post"><div class="jeg_postblock_29 jeg_postblock jeg_module_hook jeg_pagination_disable jeg_col_2o3 jnews_module_37840_0_662a41e8c72d3" data-unique="jnews_module_37840_0_662a41e8c72d3"><div class="jeg_block_heading jeg_block_heading_6 jeg_subcat_right"><h3 class="jeg_block_title"><span>Autres articles<strong>A lire aussi</strong></span></h3></div><div class="jeg_block_container"><div 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</div></div></div><p>Plus généralement, en se mélangeant avec l’animisme local et le bouddhisme, beaucoup du fond culturel, religieux et mythologique de la Thaïlande renvoient à l’Inde, ses légendes et ses nombreuses divinités.</p><p>L’emblème national de la Thaïlande (Phra Khrut Pha), que l’on retrouve sur tous les documents officiels (passeports, billets de banque, quasiment tous les documents publiés par le gouvernement), représente l’homme-oiseau Garuda qui est aussi la monture du dieu Vishnou dans la mythologie hindouiste.</p><h2>Le brahmanisme et la monarchie thaïlandaise</h2><p>Le système monarchique en Thaïlande, inspiré de certains rois du Royaume d’Angkor, suit toujours le précepte de <em>Devaraja</em>, c’est-à-dire du dieu-roi.</p><figure id="attachment_37950" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-37950" style="width: 305px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Garuda_Emblem_of_Thailand.png?ssl=1" rel="attachment wp-att-37950"><img decoding="async" data-attachment-id="37950" data-permalink="https://www.thailande-fr.com/culture/37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande/attachment/garuda_emblem_of_thailand" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Garuda_Emblem_of_Thailand.png?fit=400%2C425&ssl=1" data-orig-size="400,425" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Garuda_Emblem_of_Thailand" data-image-description data-image-caption data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Garuda_Emblem_of_Thailand.png?fit=400%2C425&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Garuda_Emblem_of_Thailand.png?fit=400%2C425&ssl=1" class="wp-image-37950" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Garuda_Emblem_of_Thailand.png?resize=305%2C324&ssl=1" alt="le Garuda, est issu de la mythologie hindouiste" width="305" height="324" title="L'influence historique de l'hindouisme en Thaïlande 2 - thailande-fr" data-recalc-dims="1"></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-37950" class="wp-caption-text">L’emblème national de la Thaïlande, le Garuda, est issu de la mythologie hindouiste</figcaption></figure><p>Selon ce concept, se basant autant sur la mythologie brahmanique que bouddhique, le roi est roi parce qu’il possède le sang royal de sa lignée, qu’il est considéré comme une incarnation du dieu <em>Vishnou</em>, – rapports à l’hindouisme –, et qu’il est un <em>Bodhisattva</em> accomplissant des mérites – rapport au bouddhisme.</p><p>Celui qui couronne le roi et qui conduit les principaux rituels au palais royal n’est ainsi pas un moine bouddhiste mais un brahmane, c’est-à-dire un religieux hindou appartenant à la caste des prêtres.</p><p>Portant le nom honorifique de Phara Rajaguru Vamadevamuni, il est l’héritier d’une longue lignée de brahmane qui a servi les précédents rois de la dynastie des <em>Chakri</em>.</p><p>Ce prêtre est basé dans un temple discret du nom de <em>Dhevasathan</em> sur l’île de Rattanakosin, à côté du Wat Suthat. Construit par Rama I, ce sanctuaire est un lieu spirituel et mythologique extrêmement important pour la monarchie.</p><p>Ce complexe ouvert au public abrite trois représentations des principaux dieux hindous dans un style thaï unique: <em>Shiva, Ganesh</em> et <em>Vishnou</em>. Du fait de leur caractère historique et symbolique pour le Royaume, il est strictement interdit de les photographier.</p><h2>Le Ramayana indien à la base de l’épopée nationale</h2><p>Plusieurs aspects historiques du Royaume renvoient inexorablement à des branches de l’hindouisme.</p><p>L’ancienne capitale Ayutthaya fut par exemple nommée d’après <em>Ayodhya</em>, ville sainte de l’hindouisme située dans l’Etat de l’Uttar Pradesh en Inde.</p><p><em>Ayodhya</em> fut la capitale d’un royaume gouverné par un certain Rama, l’une des incarnations (avatar) du dieu <em>Vishnou</em>. Rama, <em>Praram</em> en thaï (พระราม), est également le nom par lequel on distingue<a href="https://www.thailande-fr.com/actu/34364-le-6-avril-jour-de-la-dynastie-des-rois-chakri-en-thailand" target="_blank"> les neufs rois de la dynastie des <em>Chakri</em> en Thaïlande</a>, eux-mêmes des incarnations de <em>Vishnou</em>.</p><p>L’emblème de la monarchie thaïlandaise est en fait la superposition de deux armes divines hindouiste: le Chakra, sorte de disque dentelé destiné à être lancé contre l’ennemi, utilisé par Vishnou, et le Trisula, un trident qui est l’arme de Shiva.</p><figure id="attachment_24058" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24058" style="width: 371px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/421px-Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg_.png?ssl=1" rel="attachment wp-att-24058"><img loading="lazy"></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24058" class="wp-caption-text">L’emblème de la monarchie thaïlandaise est en fait la superposition de deux armes divines hindouiste</figcaption></figure><p>Écrite en sanskrit, la vie du Rama indien a été racontée dans l’épopée <em>Ramayana</em>, dont il existe plusieurs versions en Asie du Sud-est, par exemple le <em>Reamker</em> au Cambodge ou le <em>Kakawin Ramayana</em> sur l’île de Java.</p><p>En Thaïlande, la version locale du <em>Ramayana</em>, écrite sous l’ère de Rama I, se nomme <em>Ramakien</em>, littéralement la Gloire de Rama.</p><p>L’histoire, les principaux personnages et les divinités hindoues restent les mêmes mais l’épopée fut transférée dans le contexte historique et culturel thaï. Au <em>Wat Phra Keaw</em>, le temple royal, on peut observer des fresques dépeignant l’histoire issue du <em>Ramakien</em>.</p><h2>La balançoire géante, rituel brahmanique</h2><p>Autre exemple étonnant des croyances issues du système religieux hindou à Bangkok, la balançoire géante (Giant Swing – <em>Sao Ching Cha</em>), en face du temple de <em>Wat Suthat</em>, n’est pas une structure bouddhique, encore moins de l’art contemporain ou un <em>Torii</em> japonais, mais une représentation d’un mythe brahmanique.</p><p>Construite deux ans après la création du Royaume de Rattanakosin en 1784, la structure en teck fut plusieurs fois remplacée. Celle actuellement en place fut inaugurée fin 2006 et mesure 21 mètres de haut.</p><p>Autrefois utilisée comme véritable balançoire géante pour célébrer l’arrivée symbolique de <em>Shiva</em> et <em>Vishnou</em> sur terre une fois par an, la structure devrait à nouveau être le théâtre de ces impressionnants rituels brahmanique s’il l’on en croit les propos du gouverneur de Bangkok.</p><h2>Des divinités hindoues omniprésentes</h2><p>Au-delà des rites, de l’histoire et des croyances brahmaniques qui peuplent l’imaginaire national, les divinités hindoues bénéficient d’une forte popularité dans la population.</p><p>Se mélangeant allégrement au bouddhisme, ces croyances coexistent sans peine pour former un système religieux cohérent, basé sur les mérites, la dévotion et la foi.</p><figure id="attachment_10708" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10708" style="width: 640px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/erawan.jpg?ssl=1" rel="attachment wp-att-10708"><img loading="lazy"></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10708" class="wp-caption-text">Le sanctuaire d’Erawan à Bangkok : les Thaïlandais et les touristes y vénèrent Phra Phrom, la représentation locale de Brahma.</figcaption></figure><p>Ainsi, rien qu’à Bangkok, on compte des centaines de petits sanctuaires représentant des divinités hindoues où les Thaïlandais viennent se recueillir et prier pour leur bonne fortune.</p><p>Le plus connu de tous est le sanctuaire d’<em>Erawan</em>, situé en plein quartier d’affaires. Les Thaïlandais et les touristes y vénèrent <em>Phra Phrom</em>, la représentation locale de <em>Brahma</em>.</p><p>Suite au terrible attentat d’août 2015, il n’a pas fallu une semaine pour que <em>Erawan Shrine</em> retrouve sa splendeur et ses fidèles.</p><p>D’autres sanctuaires ne désemplissent jamais tel celui à la sortie de la station de métro <em>Huay Kwang</em>, en l’honneur de <em>Ganesh</em>, le dieu éléphant du panthéon hindou. Étant la divinité de l’éducation et de la connaissance, ce sanctuaire est prisé par les étudiants.</p><div class="wp-block-group has-border-color" style="border-style:none;border-width:0px;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" style="margin-bottom:24px" /><h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center" style="margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:10px">En savoir plus sur thailande-fr</h3><p class="has-text-align-center" style="margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:15px">Abonnez-vous pour recevoir les derniers articles par e-mail.</p><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__supports-newline 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Veuillez nous en excuser, et r\u00e9essayer dans quelques instants.","comment_approved":"Votre commentaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9.","comment_unapproved":"Votre commentaire est en attente de validation.","camera":"Appareil photo","aperture":"Ouverture","shutter_speed":"Vitesse d\u2019obturation","focal_length":"Focale","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thailande-fr.com%2Fculture%2F37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande","blog_id":"1","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"]};</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-blocks-assets-base-url-js-before">var Jetpack_Block_Assets_Base_Url="https://www.thailande-fr.com/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/blocks/";</script> <div class="jeg_ad jnews_mobile_sticky_ads"></div><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/culture\/37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande"},"dateCreated":"2015-12-18 13:41:01Asia\/Bangkok","datePublished":"2015-12-18 13:41:01Asia\/Bangkok","dateModified":"2015-12-18 06:41:01Asia\/Bangkok","url":"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/culture\/37840-linfluence-historique-de-lhindouisme-thailande","headline":"L’influence historique de l’hindouisme en Tha\u00eflande","name":"L’influence historique de l’hindouisme en Tha\u00eflande","articleBody":"Les liens du territoire de la Tha\u00eflande actuelle avec l'hindouisme sont mill\u00e9naires suite \u00e0 l'indianisation de l'Asie du Sud-est et la domination successive de ces contr\u00e9es par les civilisations d<span class=\"st\">v\u00e2ravat\u00ee<\/span>, khmer puis tha\u00ef.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nOn retrouve aujourd'hui cet h\u00e9ritage dans les ruines de somptueux temples d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 des dieux hindous tel <em>Phanom Rung<\/em> \u00e0 Buriram et <em>Sdok Kok Thom<\/em> \u00e0 Aranyaprathet, tous deux construits en l'honneur de <em>Shiva<\/em>, ou encore le <em>Prang Khaek<\/em> en plein centre de Lopburi.\r\n\r\nPlus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, en se m\u00e9langeant avec l'animisme local et le bouddhisme, beaucoup du fond culturel, religieux et mythologique de la Tha\u00eflande renvoient \u00e0 l'Inde, ses l\u00e9gendes et ses nombreuses divinit\u00e9s.\r\n\r\nL\u2019embl\u00e8me national de la Tha\u00eflande (Phra Khrut Pha), que l'on retrouve sur tous les documents officiels (passeports, billets de banque, quasiment tous les documents publi\u00e9s par le gouvernement), repr\u00e9sente l'homme-oiseau Garuda qui est aussi la monture du dieu Vishnou dans la mythologie hindouiste.\r\n<h2>Le brahmanisme et la monarchie tha\u00eflandaise<\/h2>\r\nLe syst\u00e8me monarchique en Tha\u00eflande, inspir\u00e9 de certains rois du Royaume d'Angkor, suit toujours le pr\u00e9cepte de <em>Devaraja<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire du dieu-roi.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_37950\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"305\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Garuda_Emblem_of_Thailand.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37950\"><img class=\"wp-image-37950\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Garuda_Emblem_of_Thailand.png\" alt=\"le Garuda, est issu de la mythologie hindouiste\" width=\"305\" height=\"324\" \/><\/a> L'embl\u00e8me national de la Tha\u00eflande, le Garuda, est issu de la mythologie hindouiste[\/caption]\r\n\r\nSelon ce concept, se basant autant sur la mythologie brahmanique que bouddhique, le roi est roi parce qu'il poss\u00e8de le sang royal de sa lign\u00e9e, qu'il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une incarnation du dieu <em>Vishnou<\/em>, \u2013 rapports \u00e0 l'hindouisme \u2013, et qu'il est un <em>Bodhisattva<\/em> accomplissant des m\u00e9rites \u2013 rapport au bouddhisme.\r\n\r\nCelui qui couronne le roi et qui conduit les principaux rituels au palais royal n'est ainsi pas un moine bouddhiste mais un brahmane, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire un religieux hindou appartenant \u00e0 la caste des pr\u00eatres.\r\n\r\nPortant le nom honorifique de Phara Rajaguru Vamadevamuni, il est l'h\u00e9ritier d'une longue lign\u00e9e de brahmane qui a servi les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents rois de la dynastie des <em>Chakri<\/em>.\r\n\r\nCe pr\u00eatre est bas\u00e9 dans un temple discret du nom de <em>Dhevasathan<\/em> sur l'\u00eele de Rattanakosin, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du Wat Suthat. Construit par Rama I, ce sanctuaire est un lieu spirituel et mythologique extr\u00eamement important pour la monarchie.\r\n\r\nCe complexe ouvert au public abrite trois repr\u00e9sentations des principaux dieux hindous dans un style tha\u00ef unique: <em>Shiva, Ganesh<\/em> et <em>Vishnou<\/em>. Du fait de leur caract\u00e8re historique et symbolique pour le Royaume, il est strictement interdit de les photographier.\r\n<h2>Le Ramayana indien \u00e0 la base de l'\u00e9pop\u00e9e nationale<\/h2>\r\nPlusieurs aspects historiques du Royaume renvoient inexorablement \u00e0 des branches de l'hindouisme.\r\n\r\nL'ancienne capitale Ayutthaya fut par exemple nomm\u00e9e d'apr\u00e8s <em>Ayodhya<\/em>, ville sainte de l'hindouisme situ\u00e9e dans l'Etat de l'Uttar Pradesh en Inde.\r\n\r\n<em>Ayodhya<\/em> fut la capitale d'un royaume gouvern\u00e9 par un certain Rama, l'une des incarnations (avatar) du dieu <em>Vishnou<\/em>. Rama, <em>Praram<\/em> en tha\u00ef (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e21), est \u00e9galement le nom par lequel on distingue<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/actu\/34364-le-6-avril-jour-de-la-dynastie-des-rois-chakri-en-thailand\" target=\"_blank\"> les neufs rois de la dynastie des <em>Chakri<\/em> en Tha\u00eflande<\/a>, eux-m\u00eames des incarnations de <em>Vishnou<\/em>.\r\n\r\nL'embl\u00e8me de la monarchie tha\u00eflandaise est en fait la superposition de deux armes divines hindouiste: le Chakra, sorte de disque dentel\u00e9 destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre lanc\u00e9 contre l'ennemi, utilis\u00e9 par Vishnou, et le Trisula, un trident qui est l'arme de Shiva.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_24058\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"371\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/421px-Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg_.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24058\"><img class=\"wp-image-24058 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/421px-Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg_.png\" alt=\"L'embl\u00e8me de la monarchie tha\u00eflandaise est en fait la superposition de deux armes divines hindouiste\" width=\"371\" height=\"528\" \/><\/a> L'embl\u00e8me de la monarchie tha\u00eflandaise est en fait la superposition de deux armes divines hindouiste[\/caption]\r\n\r\n\u00c9crite en sanskrit, la vie du Rama indien a \u00e9t\u00e9 racont\u00e9e dans l'\u00e9pop\u00e9e <em>Ramayana<\/em>, dont il existe plusieurs versions en Asie du Sud-est, par exemple le <em>Reamker<\/em> au Cambodge ou le <em>Kakawin Ramayana<\/em> sur l'\u00eele de Java.\r\n\r\nEn Tha\u00eflande, la version locale du <em>Ramayana<\/em>, \u00e9crite sous l'\u00e8re de Rama I, se nomme <em>Ramakien<\/em>, litt\u00e9ralement la Gloire de Rama.\r\n\r\nL'histoire, les principaux personnages et les divinit\u00e9s hindoues restent les m\u00eames mais l'\u00e9pop\u00e9e fut transf\u00e9r\u00e9e dans le contexte historique et culturel tha\u00ef. Au <em>Wat Phra Keaw<\/em>, le temple royal, on peut observer des fresques d\u00e9peignant l'histoire issue du <em>Ramakien<\/em>.\r\n<h2>La balan\u00e7oire g\u00e9ante, rituel brahmanique<\/h2>\r\nAutre exemple \u00e9tonnant des croyances issues du syst\u00e8me religieux hindou \u00e0 Bangkok, la balan\u00e7oire g\u00e9ante (Giant Swing \u2013 <em>Sao Ching Cha<\/em>), en face du temple de <em>Wat Suthat<\/em>, n'est pas une structure bouddhique, encore moins de l'art contemporain ou un <em>Torii<\/em> japonais, mais une repr\u00e9sentation d'un mythe brahmanique.\r\n\r\nConstruite deux ans apr\u00e8s la cr\u00e9ation du Royaume de Rattanakosin en 1784, la structure en teck fut plusieurs fois remplac\u00e9e. Celle actuellement en place fut inaugur\u00e9e fin 2006 et mesure 21 m\u00e8tres de haut.\r\n\r\nAutrefois utilis\u00e9e comme v\u00e9ritable balan\u00e7oire g\u00e9ante pour c\u00e9l\u00e9brer l'arriv\u00e9e symbolique de <em>Shiva<\/em> et <em>Vishnou<\/em> sur terre une fois par an, la structure devrait \u00e0 nouveau \u00eatre le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de ces impressionnants rituels brahmanique s'il l'on en croit les propos du gouverneur de Bangkok.\r\n<h2>Des divinit\u00e9s hindoues omnipr\u00e9sentes<\/h2>\r\nAu-del\u00e0 des rites, de l'histoire et des croyances brahmaniques qui peuplent l'imaginaire national, les divinit\u00e9s hindoues b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d'une forte popularit\u00e9 dans la population.\r\n\r\nSe m\u00e9langeant all\u00e9grement au bouddhisme, ces croyances coexistent sans peine pour former un syst\u00e8me religieux coh\u00e9rent, bas\u00e9 sur les m\u00e9rites, la d\u00e9votion et la foi.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_10708\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"640\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/erawan.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10708\"><img class=\"wp-image-10708 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/erawan.jpg\" alt=\"erawan shrine Bangkok\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a> Le sanctuaire d'Erawan \u00e0 Bangkok : les Tha\u00eflandais et les touristes y v\u00e9n\u00e8rent Phra Phrom, la repr\u00e9sentation locale de Brahma.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAinsi, rien qu'\u00e0 Bangkok, on compte des centaines de petits sanctuaires repr\u00e9sentant des divinit\u00e9s hindoues o\u00f9 les Tha\u00eflandais viennent se recueillir et prier pour leur bonne fortune.\r\n\r\nLe plus connu de tous est le sanctuaire d'<em>Erawan<\/em>, situ\u00e9 en plein quartier d'affaires. Les Tha\u00eflandais et les touristes y v\u00e9n\u00e8rent <em>Phra Phrom<\/em>, la repr\u00e9sentation locale de <em>Brahma<\/em>.\r\n\r\nSuite au terrible attentat d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2015, il n'a pas fallu une semaine pour que <em>Erawan Shrine<\/em> retrouve sa splendeur et ses fid\u00e8les.\r\n\r\nD'autres sanctuaires ne d\u00e9semplissent jamais tel celui \u00e0 la sortie de la station de m\u00e9tro <em>Huay Kwang<\/em>, en l'honneur de <em>Ganesh<\/em>, le dieu \u00e9l\u00e9phant du panth\u00e9on hindou. \u00c9tant la divinit\u00e9 de l'\u00e9ducation et de la connaissance, ce sanctuaire est pris\u00e9 par les \u00e9tudiants.","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Loris Curtenaz","url":"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/author\/loriscz"},"articleSection":["Culture","Histoire"],"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Shiva_Ramintra.jpg","width":1200,"height":674},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.thailande-fr.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thailandefr","https:\/\/twitter.com\/thailandefr","https:\/\/instagram.com\/thailandefr"]}}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"hentry","entry-title":"L’influence historique de l’hindouisme en Tha\u00eflande","published":"2015-12-18 13:41:01","updated":"2015-12-18 06:41:01"}</script> <style id="jeg_dynamic_css" type="text/css" 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