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les mains sur son visage pour se moucher." fetchPriority="high" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="nofilter" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/640/dam/Portal/France/Articles/polypose-nasale/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique-hero.jpg/jcr:content/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique-hero.jpg 640w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/750/dam/Portal/France/Articles/polypose-nasale/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique-hero.jpg/jcr:content/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique-hero.jpg 750w, 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src="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Articles/polypose-nasale/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique-hero.jpg/jcr:content/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique-hero.jpg"/></div><div class="Hero_content__1HkWn"><h2 class="Hero_title__iVlGX">Rhinosinusite chronique avec polypes nasaux ou rhinite allergique ?</h2><ol class="ObsoleteDateLine_pipedList__kolRb ObsoleteDateLine_large__IGBWl"><li class="ObsoleteDateLine_pipedListItem__sNngG">Article</li><li class="ObsoleteDateLine_pipedListItem__sNngG">Campus Sanofi</li><li class="ObsoleteDateLine_pipedListItem__sNngG">3 août 2026</li></ol><div class="Hero_description__2Cv5M">La rhinosinusite chronique avec polypes nasaux (CRSwNP) et la rhinite allergique (RA) sont deux pathologies des voies aériennes supérieures fréquemment confondues en raison de symptômes nasaux communs. Pourtant, leur physiopathologie, leur diagnostic et leur prise en charge diffèrent fondamentalement. Une distinction précise est indispensable pour orienter le traitement de manière appropriée.</div><a data-testid="next-link" class="Hero_readMore__B2_vv" href="/fr/polypose-naso-sinusienne/articles/rhinosinusite-chronique-avec-polypes-nasaux-rhinite-allergique">Lire plus</a></div></article></div><div class="Home_sectionContainer__a36wb"><section class="CardCarousel_section__CyH1g"><div class="CardCarousel_header__wsrjs"><h2 class="AnimateOnScroll_animated__MgxsZ AnimateOnScroll_fadeInRight__1Zph_ CardCarousel_title__UT3xh">Contenus scientifiques</h2><div class="AnimateOnScroll_animated__MgxsZ AnimateOnScroll_fadeInRight__1Zph_ CardCarousel_viewAllContainer__kHGOU"><a data-testid="next-link" href="/fr/contenus-scientifiques"><div class="IconText_iconText__n7xTX">Voir tout<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="14" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 15" class="IconText_icon__iDgE6" color="#7a00e6"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.665 8.324 9.95 14.157a1.126 1.126 0 0 1-1.615 0 1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.648L12.1 8.667H1.143A1.154 1.154 0 0 1 0 7.5c0-.645.512-1.166 1.143-1.166H12.1L8.336 2.49a1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.65 1.126 1.126 0 0 1 1.616 0l5.715 5.834a1.185 1.185 0 0 1-.002 1.65"></path></svg></div></a></div></div><div class="AnimateOnScroll_animated__MgxsZ AnimateOnScroll_fadeIn__rz8Xq CardCarousel_container__pfS3E"><article class="ContentCard_previewItem__eATfy"><a data-testid="next-link" class="ContentCard_link__az4L4" aria-label="Mécanisme du PTI en vidéo : une maladie auto-immune bien plus complexe qu'une simple thrombopénie" href="/fr/purpura-thrombopenique-immunologique-pti/articles/le-mecanisme-de-la-maladie"><div class="ContentCard_thumbnail__v1KQZ"><img alt="" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="nofilter" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 1440px) 395px,(min-width: 1204px) 33vw,(min-width: 768px) 50vw,(min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 64px),calc(100vw - 32px)" srcSet="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/256/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 256w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/384/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 384w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/640/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 640w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/750/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 750w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/828/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 828w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1080/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 1080w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1200/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 1200w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1920/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 1920w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/2048/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 2048w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg 3840w" src="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/hematologie/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg/jcr:content/podcasts-experts-pour-mieux-comprendre-et-prendre-en-charge-le-pti-thumbnail-2.jpg"/></div><div class="ContentCard_metadata__m4c75"><div class="ContentCard_metadatarow__4_7Dw"><span class="ContentCard_type__zdGdJ">Article</span></div><div>13 oct. 2026</div></div><div class="ContentCard_content__B90ux"><h3 class="ContentCard_title__BkhK4">Mécanisme du PTI en vidéo : une maladie auto-immune bien plus complexe qu'une simple thrombopénie</h3><p class="ContentCard_description__53yEr">Destruction des plaquettes, production altérée, inflammation systémique : sous la surface du PTI se cache un mécanisme immunitaire complexe. Et si on regardait le PTI autrement ? Découvrez-le en vidéo.</p><div class="ContentCard_readmore__f9WGq"><div class="IconText_iconText__n7xTX">En savoir plus<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="14" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 15" class="IconText_icon__iDgE6" color="#7a00e6"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.665 8.324 9.95 14.157a1.126 1.126 0 0 1-1.615 0 1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.648L12.1 8.667H1.143A1.154 1.154 0 0 1 0 7.5c0-.645.512-1.166 1.143-1.166H12.1L8.336 2.49a1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.65 1.126 1.126 0 0 1 1.616 0l5.715 5.834a1.185 1.185 0 0 1-.002 1.65"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></article><article class="ContentCard_previewItem__eATfy"><a data-testid="next-link" class="ContentCard_link__az4L4" aria-label="Focus sur l’intelligence artificielle en radiologie : quels bénéfices pour les praticiens ?" href="/fr/intelligence-artificielle-et-medecine/articles/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie"><div class="ContentCard_thumbnail__v1KQZ"><img alt="Trois médecins dans un bloc opératoire analysant un hologramme 3D de l'anatomie d'un patient." decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="nofilter" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 1440px) 395px,(min-width: 1204px) 33vw,(min-width: 768px) 50vw,(min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 64px),calc(100vw - 32px)" srcSet="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/256/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 256w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/384/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 384w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/640/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 640w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/750/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 750w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/828/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 828w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1080/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 1080w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1200/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 1200w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1920/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 1920w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/2048/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 2048w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg 3840w" src="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dossiers-thematiques/focus-sur-l-ia-en-radiologie/Image/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg/jcr:content/focus-sur-l-ia-thumbnail.jpg"/></div><div class="ContentCard_metadata__m4c75"><div class="ContentCard_metadatarow__4_7Dw"><span class="ContentCard_type__zdGdJ">Article</span></div><div>4 sept. 2026</div></div><div class="ContentCard_content__B90ux"><h3 class="ContentCard_title__BkhK4">Focus sur l’intelligence artificielle en radiologie : quels bénéfices pour les praticiens ?</h3><p class="ContentCard_description__53yEr">C’est très certainement dans le domaine de l’imagerie médicale que l’IA en santé a fait le plus parler d’elle. La presse médicale et même généraliste aime relater les exploits des machines qui, dotées de puissance de calcul folles et d’algorithmes de plus en plus sophistiqués, semblent concurrencer voire dépasser les radiologues les plus expérimentés. Fantasme ou réalité ? Quel est aujourd’hui l’impact de l’IA en radiologie ? Et remplacera-t-elle un jour le radiologue ?</p><div class="ContentCard_readmore__f9WGq"><div class="IconText_iconText__n7xTX">En savoir plus<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="14" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 15" class="IconText_icon__iDgE6" color="#7a00e6"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.665 8.324 9.95 14.157a1.126 1.126 0 0 1-1.615 0 1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.648L12.1 8.667H1.143A1.154 1.154 0 0 1 0 7.5c0-.645.512-1.166 1.143-1.166H12.1L8.336 2.49a1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.65 1.126 1.126 0 0 1 1.616 0l5.715 5.834a1.185 1.185 0 0 1-.002 1.65"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></article><article class="ContentCard_previewItem__eATfy"><a data-testid="next-link" class="ContentCard_link__az4L4" aria-label="Qu'est-ce que le prurigo nodulaire ?" href="/fr/prurigo-nodulaire/articles/qu-est-ce-que-le-prurigo-nodulaire"><div class="ContentCard_thumbnail__v1KQZ"><img alt="Soignante examinant l'avant-bras d'un patient lors d'une consultation." decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="nofilter" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 1440px) 395px,(min-width: 1204px) 33vw,(min-width: 768px) 50vw,(min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 64px),calc(100vw - 32px)" srcSet="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/256/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 256w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/384/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 384w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/640/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 640w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/750/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 750w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/828/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 828w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1080/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 1080w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1200/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 1200w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1920/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 1920w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/2048/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 2048w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg 3840w" src="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Articles/dermatologie/2023/quand-la-peau-les-systemes-immunitaire-et-nerveux-ne-se-comprennent-plus/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg/jcr:content/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.jpg"/></div><div class="ContentCard_metadata__m4c75"><div class="ContentCard_metadatarow__4_7Dw"><span class="ContentCard_type__zdGdJ">Article</span></div><div>28 août 2026</div></div><div class="ContentCard_content__B90ux"><h3 class="ContentCard_title__BkhK4">Qu'est-ce que le prurigo nodulaire ?</h3><p class="ContentCard_description__53yEr">Le prurigo nodulaire (PN) est une maladie dermatologique chronique et inflammatoire de type 2, caractérisée par un prurit intense, des signes de grattage et de multiples lésions cutanées papulonodulaires. Ces dernières sont le plus souvent localisées sur les zones facilement accessibles au grattage, telles que les 4 membres<sup>1</sup>.</p><div class="ContentCard_readmore__f9WGq"><div class="IconText_iconText__n7xTX">En savoir plus<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="14" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 15" class="IconText_icon__iDgE6" color="#7a00e6"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.665 8.324 9.95 14.157a1.126 1.126 0 0 1-1.615 0 1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.648L12.1 8.667H1.143A1.154 1.154 0 0 1 0 7.5c0-.645.512-1.166 1.143-1.166H12.1L8.336 2.49a1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.65 1.126 1.126 0 0 1 1.616 0l5.715 5.834a1.185 1.185 0 0 1-.002 1.65"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></article></div><div class="AnimateOnScroll_animated__MgxsZ AnimateOnScroll_fadeInRight__1Zph_ CardCarousel_viewAllContainer__kHGOU CardCarousel_mobile__QVNCo"><a data-testid="next-link" href="/fr/contenus-scientifiques"><div class="IconText_iconText__n7xTX">Voir tout<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="14" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 15" class="IconText_icon__iDgE6" color="#7a00e6"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.665 8.324 9.95 14.157a1.126 1.126 0 0 1-1.615 0 1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.648L12.1 8.667H1.143A1.154 1.154 0 0 1 0 7.5c0-.645.512-1.166 1.143-1.166H12.1L8.336 2.49a1.183 1.183 0 0 1 0-1.65 1.126 1.126 0 0 1 1.616 0l5.715 5.834a1.185 1.185 0 0 1-.002 1.65"></path></svg></div></a></div></section><section class="CardCarousel_section__CyH1g"><div class="CardCarousel_header__wsrjs"><h2 class="AnimateOnScroll_animated__MgxsZ AnimateOnScroll_fadeInRight__1Zph_ CardCarousel_title__UT3xh">Liens rapides</h2></div><div class="AnimateOnScroll_animated__MgxsZ AnimateOnScroll_fadeIn__rz8Xq CardCarousel_container__pfS3E"><article class="QuickLinkCard_card__PB0on" data-testid="quick-link-card-d4ca7021-4472-481a-8587-9afbc5d8e8e5"><a href="https://pro.campus.sanofi/fr/adct" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><div class="QuickLinkCard_imageContainer__C78b1"><img alt="Le médecin 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href="https://pro.campus.sanofi/fr/generalites-diabete/ressources/diabete-et-ramadan" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><div class="QuickLinkCard_imageContainer__C78b1"><img alt="Diabète et Ramadan." decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="nofilter" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 64rem) 594px, 77vw" srcSet="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/640/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg 640w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/750/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg 750w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/828/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg 828w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1080/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg 1080w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1200/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg 1200w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/1920/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg 1920w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/2048/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg 2048w, https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg 3840w" src="https://pro.campus.sanofi/.imaging/mte/portal/3840/dam/Portal/France/Patient-Supports/diabetologie/diabete-et-ramadan/Hero/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg/jcr:content/diabete-et-ramadan-hero.jpg"/></div><h3 class="QuickLinkCard_title__q20vN">Diabète et Ramadan</h3></a></article></div></section></div></div></main></div><footer><div class="Footer_desktopFooter__hwK4w"><div class="Footer_blackSection___zxEA"><div class="Footer_blackContainer__UjUtR"><a data-testid="next-link" aria-label="Sanofi Campus Homepage" href="/fr"><div class="SanofiLogo_wrapper__Moxky" aria-hidden="true"><span class="SanofiLogo_linkContent__NHVVz"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="194" height="41" fill="none" aria-label="Sanofi" alt="Sanofi Logo" class="SanofiLogo_logo__eW2NJ"><path fill="#fff" d="M27.64 16.579a15.1 15.1 0 0 0-5.547-1.041c-4.253 0-7.238 2.844-7.238 7.325 0 4.531 2.59 7.324 7.181 7.324 1.926.014 3.833-.37 5.605-1.124a1.08 1.08 0 0 0 .704-1.127v-10.23c0-.65-.252-.958-.704-1.127m-2.956 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clés à retenir\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e260db1ba35130762b3bc421663c32172\"\u003eLe PTI est une maladie hétérogène.\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e783fb54089cd3aa34cf64ff20d1264ac\"\u003eLe diagnostic de PTI reste un diagnostic d’élimination : aucun test ne permet d’en affirmer le diagnostic.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"ea002d630410b4c4c04376b2ef1ba4a1d\"\u003eUne destruction périphérique accrue des plaquettes et une production médullaire insuffisante et inadaptée coexistent.\u003csup\u003e1,2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"eb6b6ba58dbbff6ba1bdffa83ed66218d\"\u003eUne dysrégulation immunitaire et un profil inflammatoire caractéristique contribuent à la complexité clinique du PTI.\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"ef831eb2bb84154aa8df59cf733234104\"\u003eAu-delà des saignements, le PTI a aussi des répercussions sur la qualité de vie des patients, notamment la fatigue et l’anxiété liée à la maladie.\u003csup\u003e1,5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","id":"cfde84f5-7dbd-418c-a9fa-f943b48db7e8","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003eRegardez la vidéo : le mécanisme de la maladie (MOD) dans le PTI\u003c/h2\u003e","id":"ed604131-3630-4f7c-8df5-41efd0771455","type":"richText","anchorId":"mecanisme-de-la-maladie"},{"contentMetadata":{"id":"62d03183-0ab4-4648-a25d-88f140982a25","title":"Mécanisme du PTI en vidéo : une maladie auto-immune bien plus complexe qu'une simple thrombopénie","description":"\u003cp\u003eDestruction des plaquettes, production altérée, inflammation systémique : sous la surface du PTI se cache un mécanisme immunitaire complexe. Et si on regardait le PTI autrement ? Découvrez-le en vidéo.\u003c/p\u003e","taxonomy":{"globalBrands":[{"id":"1775ebee-0b5e-4100-b7ce-6438fddc94b2","name":"WAYRILZ","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Global-Brand/WAYRILZ","displayName":"WAYRILZ"}],"therapeuticAreas":[{"id":"98467307-ff52-4c95-9c0d-0dae63c9dc40","name":"RARE-BLOOD-DISORDERS","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Therapeutic-Area/RARE-BLOOD-DISORDERS","displayName":"RARE BLOOD DISORDERS"}],"businessUnits":[{"id":"2b285269-7daf-4cee-920f-a4fe2de8a043","name":"SPECIALTY-CARE","path":"/Taxonomy/Global-Business-Unit/Business-Unit/SPECIALTY-CARE","displayName":"SPECIALTY CARE"}],"indications":[{"id":"5eee0dc4-bd14-4a22-9bb8-cca582bd150c","name":"IMMUNE-THROMBOCYTOPENIC-ITP","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Indication/IMMUNE-THROMBOCYTOPENIC-ITP","displayName":"IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC (ITP)"}],"franchises":[{"id":"52a739ab-cbc7-4b51-8437-0ad3dc6d5f4b","name":"RARE-BLOOD-DISORDERS","path":"/Taxonomy/Global-Business-Unit/Franchise/RARE-BLOOD-DISORDERS","displayName":"RARE BLOOD DISORDERS"}]},"codz":"MAT-FR-2602508 - 10/26"},"id":"9db3c398-45c3-4b9f-9af7-e479f5137a17","type":"hcpVideo","anchorId":"","src":"https://player.vimeo.com/video/1203462031","videoId":"1203462031","playerId":null,"accountId":null,"videoType":"video/vimeo","videoThumbnail":null,"title":null},{"richText":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLe purpura thrombopénique immunologique (PTI)\u003c/strong\u003e, également dénommé « thrombopénie immunologique » dans la littérature internationale,¹ est une maladie auto-immune rare due à la fois à une destruction périphérique des plaquettes et à une production médullaire inadaptée.\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCe que montre la vidéo\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#7A00E6;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUne maladie auto-immune\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e6055f1d6c3e9d052a626101290c6d001\"\u003eLe PTI est une maladie auto-immune caractérisée par une faible numération plaquettaire, des saignements et des ecchymoses.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e687573c3cc7d585aa2c3e61459dc73b9\"\u003eUn diagnostic de PTI peut être posé lorsque le nombre de plaquettes est inférieur à 100 000/µL (100 G/L).\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#7A00E6;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDes symptômes liés aux saignements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e5d3e1b22ca487bd6b19a70d790be4527\"\u003eDe multiples symptômes du PTI sont liés à des saignements :\u003csup\u003e1,4\u003c/sup\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e1821549711b98602d5df283fa378ab10\"\u003edes pétéchies et du purpura ;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e2952200de255968fea5c582dc6d2c33e\"\u003edes bulles hémorragiques et des épistaxis ;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e93c5ee356e13902791857099afc7d890\"\u003edes saignements d’organes, tels qu’une ménorragie ou une hémorragie intracrânienne.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#7A00E6;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAu-delà des plaquettes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"eeec0e38870fa0149503b03fcae09dcd4\"\u003eDans le PTI, les plaquettes ne sont qu’une partie du puzzle : la maladie a également des impacts sur la qualité de vie des patients.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e0f43a997a0a22a1b7717b5e03829af65\"\u003eDes symptômes supplémentaires peuvent survenir, tels que la fatigue, l’anxiété liée au PTI,\u003csup\u003e1,5\u003c/sup\u003e les microsaignements cérébraux\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e et les troubles cognitifs.\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#7A00E6;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDestruction et production insuffisante des plaquettes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e89c125eef5d269b776f8b88d38eb433a\"\u003eLa physiopathologie du PTI est complexe et n’est pas entièrement comprise.\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"eb682c652a5b000d49f67e4c1b4b86c38\"\u003eIl est toutefois bien admis que, dans le PTI, les lymphocytes B autoréactifs produisent des auto-anticorps qui ciblent les plaquettes en vue de leur destruction par les macrophages. Ces auto-anticorps nuisent aussi à la maturation des mégacaryocytes, ce qui inhibe la production de plaquettes.\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e82ba3cd660d63885de0da3613497e9cb\"\u003eLes auto-anticorps peuvent également détruire les plaquettes par d’autres mécanismes.\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e9eae1a95ab64c2bbebebbcce3087849d\"\u003eLes lymphocytes T cytotoxiques peuvent également détruire les plaquettes ou inhiber directement leur production.\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#7A00E6;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUne composante inflammatoire\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e1fd6f48af91fa58cf6fb3a57dc91f6e8\"\u003eDe nombreuses molécules de signalisation cellulaire sont impliquées dans la pathogenèse du PTI.\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"ee5247ac63298b571fd26bd3337732928\"\u003eDes recherches en cours continuent de suggérer la présence d’une inflammation chez les patients atteints de PTI.\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e421403772af6b8e807aee94f5f76a8c1\"\u003eCette inflammation est suggérée par la présence de marqueurs inflammatoires élevés, notamment le TNF-α, l’IL-6, l’inflammasome NLRP3 et l’IFN-γ.\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePourquoi parler d’une maladie auto-immune et pas d’une simple thrombopénie ?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLe mécanisme physiopathologique du PTI ne repose pas uniquement sur une destruction périphérique accrue des plaquettes par le biais d’auto-anticorps : il existe également une production médullaire de plaquettes insuffisante et inadaptée.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Le PTI est une maladie complexe, et aucun mécanisme proposé ne peut à lui seul expliquer sa physiopathologie.\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"4282c2ce-746a-4381-aa45-d439329a7350","type":"richText","anchorId":""}],"withContent":true,"references":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"eb21c66153a095ccbd4e547464a2ec9ab\"\u003eHaute Autorité de Santé. Protocole national de diagnostic et de soins (PNDS) – Purpura thrombopénique immunologique de l'adulte. CeReCAI ; 2024.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e279e9d6c63ad1fbe05dedad0a8ddc925\"\u003eAudia S, Mahévas M, Nivet M, et al. Immune Thrombocytopenia: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatments. Hemaphere. 2021;5(6):e574.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e34dce04c80f7bc23246578b77591e1f9\"\u003eCooper N, Ghanima W. Immune Thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(10):945-955.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e7db3c33e45e7941c9eb01497bc829c48\"\u003eCooper N, Kruse A, Kruse C, et al. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) World Impact Survey (iWISh): Patient and physician perceptions of diagnosis, signs and symptoms, and treatment. Am J Hematol. 2021;96(2):188-198.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"efa7461ce0076d3c787df1fa3b5c8dc0f\"\u003eCooper N, Kruse A, Kruse C, et al. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) World Impact Survey (I-WISh): impact of ITP on health-related quality of life. Am J Hematol. 2021;96(2):199-207.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"ecf8265fa5cc584c778a94f2dd5d75c3c\"\u003eLucchesi A, Rodriguez MB, Cordoba M, et al. Inflammatory cytokines, inflammasomes, and neutrophil extracellular traps in primary immune thrombocytopenia pathogenesis. Blood Vessel Thromb Hemost. 2026;3(1):100129.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e454091d9102fa9d8eaad363b1e725d52\"\u003eZheng SS, Perdomo JS. Desialylation and Apoptosis in Immune Thrombocytopenia: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024;46(11):11942-11956.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e52c1a8812344c4e9948ef92aae8e04a3\"\u003eCooper N, Morrison MA, Vladescu C, et al. Identification of occult cerebral microbleeds in adults with immune thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2020;136(25):2875-2880.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e1c8ccea9df16735d9dd9fc4f9b59695d\"\u003eMitchell E, Frith J, Newton J. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in immune thrombocytopenic purpura remain stable over time: short report from a longitudinal study. Br J Haematol. 2019;186(5):777-781\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbréviations :\u003c/strong\u003e IFN, interféron ; IL, interleukine ; MOD, mécanisme de la maladie \u003ci\u003e(mechanism of disease)\u003c/i\u003e ; NLRP3, protéine 3 contenant un domaine de liaison aux nucléotides, des répétitions riches en leucine et un domaine de pyrine ; PTI, purpura thrombopénique immunologique ; TNF, facteur de nécrose tumorale.\u003c/p\u003e","taxonomy":{"globalBrands":[{"id":"1775ebee-0b5e-4100-b7ce-6438fddc94b2","name":"WAYRILZ","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Global-Brand/WAYRILZ","displayName":"WAYRILZ"}],"therapeuticAreas":[{"id":"98467307-ff52-4c95-9c0d-0dae63c9dc40","name":"RARE-BLOOD-DISORDERS","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Therapeutic-Area/RARE-BLOOD-DISORDERS","displayName":"RARE BLOOD DISORDERS"}],"businessUnits":[{"id":"2b285269-7daf-4cee-920f-a4fe2de8a043","name":"SPECIALTY-CARE","path":"/Taxonomy/Global-Business-Unit/Business-Unit/SPECIALTY-CARE","displayName":"SPECIALTY CARE"}],"indications":[{"id":"5eee0dc4-bd14-4a22-9bb8-cca582bd150c","name":"IMMUNE-THROMBOCYTOPENIC-ITP","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Indication/IMMUNE-THROMBOCYTOPENIC-ITP","displayName":"IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC (ITP)"}],"franchises":[{"id":"52a739ab-cbc7-4b51-8437-0ad3dc6d5f4b","name":"RARE-BLOOD-DISORDERS","path":"/Taxonomy/Global-Business-Unit/Franchise/RARE-BLOOD-DISORDERS","displayName":"RARE BLOOD DISORDERS"}]},"anchors":[{"anchorLabel":"Mécanisme de la maladie","anchorId":"mecanisme-de-la-maladie"}],"seo":{"metaDescription":"Vidéo : comprendre le mécanisme du purpura thrombopénique immunologique (PTI), une maladie auto-immune associant destruction, production insuffisante des plaquettes et inflammation. 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clés\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'intelligence artificielle (IA) transforme profondément la pratique de la radiologie en améliorant la qualité des images, en réduisant les doses de rayonnement et en automatisant des tâches chronophages. Voici les points essentiels à connaître :\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e6751de3761ea7f932da8516ba1263bb2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL'imagerie médicale est devenue numérique :\u003c/strong\u003e un scanner corps entier génère plusieurs milliers d'images comprenant chacune plusieurs millions de pixels, créant des masses considérables de données à analyser.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"ee1ebb05ae158d465950c16f4674c0e07\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL'œil humain présente des limites : \u003c/strong\u003eattention sélective, fatigabilité et performances variables selon l'expérience limitent la détection de certaines anomalies.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e44ccb68ebb50340733064bc3ba0ddd50\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL'IA améliore la qualité des images :\u003c/strong\u003e meilleur contraste, meilleure résolution, gestion optimisée du bruit numérique et réduction des doses de rayonnement (10 à 100 fois plus rapide que les méthodes antérieures).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"ee85bd08926c332b5254edd5a05e600ab\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL'automatisation libère du temps médical :\u003c/strong\u003e segmentation automatique des lésions, détection des urgences (hémorragies intracrâniennes), mesures morphométriques et tri des examens normaux.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e4c9fd02bfc8130fa85b09a0782e5691f\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLa combinaison IA + radiologue offre les meilleures performances :\u003c/strong\u003e supérieures aux deux prises isolément, cette association optimise la sensibilité et la spécificité diagnostique.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e80cc9669c72d0923c03517d08dd60de4\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL'IA reste un outil d'aide à la décision :\u003c/strong\u003e le radiologue conserve le dernier mot et engage sa responsabilité médicale ; l'IA ne remplace pas le médecin, elle l'assiste.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","id":"7bf85cad-2680-40e0-a595-1cce378669cd","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003ePourquoi l'imagerie médicale est-elle devenue un terrain fertile pour l'intelligence artificielle ?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDe l'analogique au numérique : une révolution technologique\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'imagerie médicale a connu une transformation radicale. À l'origine analogique, elle reposait sur la radiographie standard : les différences d'absorption des rayons X par le corps humain étaient rendues visibles sur un support photographique.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvec la numérisation, l'imagerie médicale a engendré des masses considérables de données. Scanner un corps entier génère plusieurs milliers d'images comprenant chacune plusieurs millions de pixels. Cette évolution s'est poursuivie avec l'arrivée de nouvelles innovations :\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eImagerie en trois dimensions\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eImagerie en temps réel\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSéquences fonctionnelles\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMultiplication des modes d'acquisition en IRM\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTraceurs en médecine nucléaire\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvant même l'arrivée de l'IA, les logiciels assistaient déjà les radiologues et les cliniciens dans le traitement de ces masses de données en automatisant certaines tâches : contourage automatique de structures (vaisseaux, cavités rénales, tumeurs), mesure d'angle, de volume, analyse de la surface cérébrale, mesure de perfusion régionale.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLes limites de l'œil humain dans l'interprétation des images médicales\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMalgré ces aides technologiques, l'interprétation diagnostique reposait encore sur l'œil du médecin. Or celui-ci n'est pas exempt de défauts : il est faillible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL'attention sélective constitue une limite majeure.\u003c/strong\u003e Une étude a montré que 83 % des radiologues qui devaient analyser des images de scanner thoracique à la recherche d'un nodule pulmonaire n'ont pas été capables de repérer l'image d'un gorille qui avait été dissimulée sur l'un des clichés. Le gorille était pourtant 48 fois plus gros que le nodule.\u003csup\u003e2,3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'œil humain présente d'autres défauts :\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIl est fatigable\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSes performances dépendent de l'expérience acquise\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSes capacités restent limitées par rapport à d'autres espèces\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUne étude surprenante publiée en 2015 témoigne des capacités des pigeons à distinguer des microcalcifications bénignes et malignes sur des radiographies mammaires. Après une formation de 15 jours et 1 500 images visionnées, les pigeons arrivaient à un taux de réponses exactes de 85 %. La raison ? Une qualité de vision 10 fois supérieure à celle des humains, permettant de détecter sur les radiographies des microstructures invisibles à nos yeux.\u003csup\u003e2,4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"9b2f618c-8ed2-4510-bdb5-31d3cd760a2c","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003eComment fonctionne l'intelligence artificielle en radiologie ?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLe Deep Learning : un changement de paradigme\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'imagerie médicale est l'un des domaines de prédilection de l'IA. La numérisation des images médicales, l'accès facilité à de puissantes ressources de calcul et la sophistication des algorithmes ont permis de changer de paradigme.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNous sommes désormais passés à l'ère du \u003ci\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeep Learning\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/i\u003e (apprentissage profond), un sous-ensemble du \u003ci\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMachine Learning\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/i\u003e (apprentissage machine).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLe Machine Learning renvoie à la capacité d'un algorithme à produire, au bout d'un certain temps de traitement de données, une nouvelle version plus efficace de lui-même après avoir écarté les hypothèses considérées comme statistiquement aberrantes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDans le Deep Learning, la capacité d'apprentissage de l'IA s'appuie sur un réseau de neurones artificiels, conçus par mimétisme avec les fonctionnalités du cerveau humain.\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eL'entraînement des algorithmes : des dizaines de milliers d'images nécessaires\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLa mise au point d'applications de Deep Learning nécessite de grands échantillons d'apprentissage. Des dizaines de milliers d'images sont nécessaires pour entraîner l'algorithme à identifier les signes d'une pathologie.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePour chacune de ces images, on lui indique si elle présente ou non des signes pathologiques. À la fin de l'apprentissage, l'algorithme arrive à reconnaître avec une excellente performance de nouvelles images présentant une anomalie.\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"871c37d0-0c67-4475-8945-0b6ace89832e","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003eQuels sont les bénéfices concrets de l'IA pour les radiologues et les patients ?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDes images de meilleure qualité grâce à l'IA\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLes apports de l'intelligence artificielle sont multiples. Les algorithmes contrôlent les paramètres de traitement de l'image en prenant en compte les conditions d'exposition, les doses et l'anatomie des patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRésultat :\u003c/strong\u003e les images ont un meilleur contraste, une meilleure résolution, et le bruit numérique est mieux géré.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRéduction des doses de rayonnement et des temps d'acquisition\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLes doses de rayonnements reçus par les patients sont plus faibles grâce à des temps d'acquisition réduits et des reconstructions d'images performantes, \u003cstrong\u003e10 à 100 fois plus rapides que les méthodes antérieures\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'algorithme aide à faire mieux avec moins d'informations. Réduire la dose permet d'élargir la prescription de TDM (tomodensitométrie) ou TEP (tomographie par émission de positons) à tous les sujets qui pourraient en bénéficier, tout en réduisant le coût des examens.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLes examens sont moins longs, donc moins inconfortables, et le risque de bougé et de flou est réduit. L'arrivée sur le marché de ces algorithmes est imminente.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAutomatisation des tâches chronophages et réduction de la variabilité\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'IA a pour objectif d'automatiser des processus chronophages ou sujets à une grande variabilité entre les opérateurs humains.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExemples concrets :\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL'algorithme PARS\u003c/strong\u003e permet de segmenter et de labelliser automatiquement tous les sites métastatiques à partir d'un examen TEP/TDM, une mesure non invasive de la charge tumorale qui se révèle être un biomarqueur prédictif pour de nombreux cancers.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSegmentation automatique des lésions tumorales \u003c/strong\u003esur les images TDM pour planifier les traitements de radiothérapie, faisant gagner un temps considérable au radiothérapeute et limitant les risques d'erreur.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDétection facilitée des urgences\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'intelligence artificielle facilite la détection des urgences. C'est le cas par exemple des \u003cstrong\u003ehémorragies intracrâniennes\u003c/strong\u003e : un logiciel a été développé pour détecter automatiquement les anomalies sur les scanners et éviter ainsi les retards liés à un flux d'examens trop élevé ou à un manque de disponibilité du radiologue.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRéduction des inégalités d'accès aux soins\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'un des avantages de l'IA est de pouvoir lisser les inégalités d'accès aux soins en diffusant massivement une expertise de pointe dans tous les territoires.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"dee6b04a-6724-452c-b507-6578569c3748","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003eL'IA améliore-t-elle le dépistage et le diagnostic en radiologie ?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'interprétation des images dans le cadre du dépistage est particulièrement difficile : il s'agit de détecter de subtiles anomalies au sein de nombreux clichés dont la plupart sont tout à fait normaux. Ainsi, 80 % des mammographies de dépistage sont normales.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL'IA peut lire des mammographies avec un taux de réponses exactes de 99 %\u003c/strong\u003e. La densité tissulaire du sein exprimée en BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) est mesurée automatiquement. Elle est plus reproductible et plus fiable que les mesures des cliniciens.\u003csup\u003e2,5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAu-delà de la sénologie, l'intelligence artificielle est aujourd'hui challengée dans d'autres domaines de la radiologie :\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"e16f6f2f5af0065a6f36e690addac6cde\"\u003eDétection automatique des fractures\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"edd153c8fc02c1f549707e8cc36d876d4\"\u003eDépistage des nodules pulmonaires au scanner\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLe nombre de séances dédiées à l'IA dans les congrès phares de la spécialité explose.\u003csup\u003e2,5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"b415d1f4-f88d-4a3b-91e3-002a61f5c241","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003eL'IA peut-elle aider au pronostic des pathologies ?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDifférenciation des fractures bénignes et malignes\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUne étude menée sur des algorithmes éduqués pour différencier des fractures vertébrales bénignes et malignes au scanner a montré des résultats proches, quoique légèrement inférieurs, à deux des radiologues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLa performance était optimisée en combinant les deux analyses, celles de l'IA et celle du médecin.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQuantification de la sévérité de l'emphysème\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUn autre algorithme s'est penché sur les images délivrées par un scanner du parenchyme pulmonaire de patients souffrant d'emphysème. Les résultats de la quantification par l'IA de la sévérité de l'emphysème étaient corrélés de manière significative aux valeurs obtenues par spirométrie.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRadiogénomique : croiser imagerie et génomique\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'IA permet le croisement d'informations que les radiologues ne peuvent pas faire en routine. Une nouvelle discipline est apparue : la\u003cstrong\u003e radiogénomique\u003c/strong\u003e, qui vise à déceler des relations entre les caractéristiques d'imagerie des tumeurs et leurs caractéristiques génomiques.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLimites actuelles : faux positifs et faux négatifs\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL'expérience montre que pour l'ensemble des solutions d'IA actuellement en activité, il y a beaucoup de faux positifs et de faux négatifs, avec souvent une bonne sensibilité mais une spécificité insuffisante.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLe radiologue doit donc reprendre l'ensemble des éléments détectés par le logiciel pour les valider ou non.\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"b9c2dc66-ef14-4624-bfb6-d5ce108a0c20","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003eL'intelligence artificielle va-t-elle remplacer le radiologue ?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLe Deep Learning va modifier profondément les pratiques\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDans le domaine de l'imagerie, le Deep Learning va modifier profondément les pratiques. Demain, les algorithmes pourront s'intégrer encore davantage au quotidien des radiologues en triant les images, en les hiérarchisant, en analysant avec une expertise comparable à celle des meilleurs radiologues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMais c'est en associant IA et médecin que les performances sont les plus impressionnantes, supérieures aux deux pris isolément.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLibérer du temps pour des missions plus exigeantes\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLibéré des tâches les plus répétitives (tri des examens normaux, détection d'anomalies, mesures morphométriques), le radiologue aura plus de temps pour se consacrer à des missions plus exigeantes et stimulantes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComme l'indique le Dr Jean-Philippe Masson, président de la FNMR (Fédération Nationale des Médecins Radiologues) :\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e« L'intelligence artificielle contribuera à améliorer la profondeur du diagnostic médical, mais aussi la qualité des examens pratiqués. Nous le savons : notre profession va gagner en efficacité et en réactivité. Parmi les bénéfices attendus, nous pourrons consacrer plus de temps à nos patients, en explicitant davantage nos résultats, nos conclusions et nos recommandations, y compris pour la suite de la prise en charge. »\u003c/i\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eL'IA compagnon : un auxiliaire performant, pas un remplaçant\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLes radiologues pourront être soulagés d'avoir à leurs côtés une « IA compagnon », une machine performante, œuvrant 7 jours sur 7 et 24 heures sur 24.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUne IA auxiliaire, qui aide le médecin au quotidien, sans avoir la prétention de le remplacer : n'oublions pas qu'au final, c'est toujours le radiologue qui a le dernier mot, celui qui implique sa responsabilité médicale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEn d'autres termes, l'IA est un simple outil d'aide à la décision.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e Espérons qu'elle le reste dans les années et les décennies à venir.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"508cfef1-3cd8-4948-a138-dcdedc30e574","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c/h2\u003e","id":"842b7025-8ee6-416b-8d34-2bc4db71f759","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"accordion":{"items":[{"title":"\u003cp\u003eQu'est-ce que le Deep Learning en radiologie ?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","content":[{"richText":"\u003cp\u003eLe Deep Learning (apprentissage profond) est une technique d'intelligence artificielle qui utilise des réseaux de neurones artificiels pour analyser les images médicales. L'algorithme est entraîné sur des dizaines de milliers d'images pour apprendre à reconnaître les signes pathologiques avec une excellente performance.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"40f4340a-2601-400c-bb1a-e24e79cd8f12","type":"richText","anchorId":""}],"anchorId":""},{"title":"\u003cp\u003eL'intelligence artificielle peut-elle remplacer le radiologue ?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","content":[{"richText":"\u003cp\u003eNon, l'intelligence artificielle ne remplace pas le radiologue. Elle constitue un outil d'aide à la décision qui assiste le médecin dans son travail quotidien. C'est toujours le radiologue qui a le dernier mot et qui engage sa responsabilité médicale. Les meilleures performances sont obtenues en combinant l'analyse de l'IA et celle du médecin.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"00af917e-7b65-4227-8545-69eca96e1871","type":"richText","anchorId":""}],"anchorId":""},{"title":"\u003cp\u003eQuels sont les principaux avantages de l'IA en radiologie ?\u003c/p\u003e","content":[{"richText":"\u003cp\u003eL'IA améliore la qualité des images (meilleur contraste, meilleure résolution), réduit les doses de rayonnement (10 à 100 fois plus rapide), automatise des tâches chronophages (segmentation, mesures), facilite la détection des urgences et permet de lisser les inégalités d'accès aux soins en diffusant une expertise de pointe dans tous les territoires.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","id":"63d31fc1-10df-4a6a-8b8f-ad068a1e19d9","type":"richText","anchorId":""}],"anchorId":""}]},"id":"b44c00f2-0a51-4a68-beaa-f6ba91635d64","type":"accordion","anchorId":""}],"withContent":true,"references":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBrunelle F\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;et al.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;Intelligence artificielle et imagerie médicale : définition, état des lieux et perspectives. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2019 ; 2003 : 683-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePhilippe Coucke. Médecine du futur. Éditions Mardaga, 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDrew T\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. « The invisible gorilla strikes again: Sustained inattentional blindneww in expert observers”. Psychol Sci. 2013; 24(9): 1848-53.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLevenson RM\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eet al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ePigeons (Columba livia) as Trainable Observers of Pathology and Radiology Breast Cancer Images. PLoS One. 2015 ;10(11):e0141357.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBernard Nordlinger, Cédric Villani, Olivier de Fresnoye. Médecine et intelligence artificielle. CNRS éditions, 2022.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDavid Gruson. La Machine, le médecin et moi. Éditions de l’Observatoire, 2018.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eINSERM. Site internet.\u0026nbsp;\u003cu\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.inserm.fr/dossier/intelligence-artificielle-et-sante/\"\u003ehttps://www.inserm.fr/dossier/intelligence-artificielle-et-sante/\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u0026nbsp;Consulté le 7 juillet 2022.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eChevalier E. Intelligence artificielle : et maintenant ? Le Médecin Radiologue de France. La Lettre de la Fédération Nationale des Médecins Radiologues. 2020 ; 437 : 8-11.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBrugger PE\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;Comment redéfinir la radiologie de demain ? Le Cahier Technique. IRBM News 2022 ; 43 (2).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e","taxonomy":{"globalBrands":[{"id":"f0ed459a-8744-41a8-abe4-7e45895bf6f4","name":"OUT-OF-TAXONOMY","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Global-Brand/OUT-OF-TAXONOMY","displayName":"OUT OF TAXONOMY"}],"therapeuticAreas":[{"id":"c6d2a1b2-da8b-4f78-961d-d983aa040e01","name":"OUT-OF-TAXONOMY-2","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Therapeutic-Area/OUT-OF-TAXONOMY-2","displayName":"OUT OF TAXONOMY 2"}],"businessUnits":[{"id":"b623cc87-34ef-44c8-bb2a-4e094f2296d4","name":"OUT-OF-TAXONOMY","path":"/Taxonomy/Global-Business-Unit/Business-Unit/OUT-OF-TAXONOMY","displayName":"OUT OF TAXONOMY"}],"indications":[{"id":"d3793384-1295-4ea1-8ccf-c7fe945c6f26","name":"ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-AND-MEDICINE","path":"/Taxonomy/Product-and-Disease-States/Indication/ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-AND-MEDICINE","displayName":"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MEDICINE"}],"franchises":[{"id":"db000218-890b-4172-aeea-e937e08dd1c1","name":"OUT-OF-TAXONOMY","path":"/Taxonomy/Global-Business-Unit/Franchise/OUT-OF-TAXONOMY","displayName":"OUT OF TAXONOMY"}]},"anchors":null,"seo":{"metaDescription":"Découvrez comment l'intelligence artificielle améliore le diagnostic en radiologie : qualité d'image, dépistage, automatisation. 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que le prurigo nodulaire ?","image":{"src":"https://pro.campus.sanofi/dam/jcr:7fd5044f-2238-4468-9895-ce13756a0559/hero-origines-du-prurigo-nodulaire.8f42c26f92a61d610e56d54dec3ae72f.jpg","alt":"Soignante examinant l'avant-bras d'un patient lors d'une consultation."}},"thumbnail":{"alt":"Soignante examinant l'avant-bras d'un patient lors d'une 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class=\"text-big\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoints clés\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-bold ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e71ed78e77f99058f7aa6a74a36def281\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLa physiopathologie du prurigo nodulaire\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-bold ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e88631dac695d53dcffb671039809c092\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"text-align:justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLe rôle de la fibrose dans la chronicisation des lésions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-bold ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e75ca8f8df710d358e0b5777df3d6b62d\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"text-align:justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvaluation du contrôle de la maladie\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuelle est la physiopathologie du prurigo nodulaire ?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eComplexité et spécificité du prurigo nodulaire\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eLe prurigo nodulaire (PN) est une maladie complexe dont l'origine n'est pas encore entièrement comprise. Son développement repose sur un \u003cstrong\u003ecercle prurit-grattage auto-entretenu \u003c/strong\u003eet amplifié par une \u003cstrong\u003esensibilisation neuronale au prurit\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eMécanismes physiopathologiques du prurigo nodulaire\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eDe nombreux médiateurs sont impliqués dans la physiopathologie du prurit et du prurigo nodulaire. Parmi ceux-ci, les \u003cstrong\u003ecytokines de type 2 \u003c/strong\u003ejouent un \u003cstrong\u003erôle moteur pro-inflammatoire\u003c/strong\u003e. Elles activent aussi directement les \u003cstrong\u003eneurones sensoriels \u003c/strong\u003epar l'intermédiaire de la \u003cstrong\u003evoie non-histaminergique \u003c/strong\u003eentraînant la \u003cstrong\u003etransmission du signal de prurit au SNC \u003c/strong\u003e(système nerveux central)\u003csup\u003e3,4,5,6,7,8,9\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eDe plus, elles sont responsables de la \u003cstrong\u003esensibilisation neuronale au prurit\u003c/strong\u003e, un phénomène par lequel les neurones répondent de manière exagérée à des signaux normaux ou faibles\u003csup\u003e2,10\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eSur le plan \u003cstrong\u003ehistologique\u003c/strong\u003e et \u003cstrong\u003eimmunologique\u003c/strong\u003e, le prurigo nodulaire se caractérise par\u003csup\u003e11,12,13,14,15 \u003c/sup\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"eff92058152b122c0bbdbe28cd71aad51\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eune \u003cstrong\u003ehyperkératose \u003c/strong\u003e(épaississement anormal de la couche cornée de l'épiderme)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"eda532c1db220baacf88369503789e4c5\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eune \u003cstrong\u003eréduction de la densité des fibres nerveuses dans l'épiderme \u003c/strong\u003e(parfois en conséquence au grattage)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e7de5525b8b073fddfab6909e83202abd\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eune \u003cstrong\u003eaugmentation de la densité des fibres nerveuses \u003c/strong\u003edans le derme\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e059796606d2502f50759696f4948c1a7\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eune\u003cstrong\u003e infiltration de cellules immunitaires \u003c/strong\u003edans le derme, telles que 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Et puis, il y a les interactions neuro-immunes que l’on voit bien dans les lésions de prurigo, avec une augmentation importante du taux de certains neuromédiateurs (…), et aussi la présence de cytokines Th2 qui sont capables d’activer directement les terminaisons nerveuses de la peau.","id":"ec69d850-0c5a-46bb-8195-fb6255889680","type":"quote","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003cp style=\"text-align:justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eBien que le \u003cstrong\u003eprurigo nodulaire \u003c/strong\u003eet la \u003cstrong\u003edermatite atopique \u003c/strong\u003esoient toutes deux des \u003cstrong\u003emaladies inflammatoires chroniques de type 2\u003c/strong\u003e, leurs \u003cstrong\u003ephysiopathologies\u003c/strong\u003e sont bien \u003cstrong\u003edistinctes\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"ef615906-609f-44fa-aa84-d22a069e96b1","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003ch2\u003eQuel est le rôle de la fibrose dans le prurigo nodulaire ?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eLa \u003cstrong\u003efibrose du derme\u003c/strong\u003e est un phénomène central et distinctif du prurigo nodulaire. Elle se manifeste par des \u003cstrong\u003efibres de collagène arrangées verticalement dans le derme\u003c/strong\u003e, témoignant \u003cstrong\u003ed'un remodelage tissulaire profond\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eCe \u003cstrong\u003eprocessus fibrotique \u003c/strong\u003eest directement alimenté par les \u003cstrong\u003ecytokines de type 2.\u003c/strong\u003e Au-delà de leur \u003cstrong\u003eaction pro-inflammatoire\u003c/strong\u003e, les cytokines de type 2 participent activement à la \u003cstrong\u003efibrose dermique\u003c/strong\u003e, responsable de \u003cstrong\u003el’aspect nodulaire \u003c/strong\u003edes lésions. Ce remodelage tissulaire contribue à \u003cstrong\u003epérenniser les lésions\u003c/strong\u003e, rendant la maladie\u003cstrong\u003e chronique \u003c/strong\u003eet\u003cstrong\u003e difficile à traiter\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e3,4,5,6\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComment évaluer le contrôle du prurigo nodulaire ?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eAfin \u003cstrong\u003ed’optimiser la prise en charge des patients\u003c/strong\u003e, il est essentiel d’effectuer un \u003cstrong\u003esuivi régulier \u003c/strong\u003eincluant l'utilisation \u003cstrong\u003ed'outils d'évaluation\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eLe \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"${link:{uuid:{e8177261-81a5-49e8-bceb-337c688998cd},repository:{tools-resources},provider:{},path:{/France/pct}}}\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003epermet d'évaluer le contrôle de la maladie et \u003cstrong\u003ed'ajuster la prise en charge thérapeutique en conséquence\u003c/strong\u003e. Il s'agit d'un questionnaire adressé au patient, portant sur les \u003cstrong\u003esignes\u003c/strong\u003e et les \u003cstrong\u003esymptômes\u003c/strong\u003e de sa maladie (démangeaisons et lésions cutanées) ainsi que sur \u003cstrong\u003el'impact sur sa qualité de vie, \u003c/strong\u003enotamment le sommeil. Selon le score obtenu, cet outil permet de guider la prise en charge thérapeutique\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eN’hésitez pas à faire le test en 5 questions.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"20c0704e-718e-466b-9c5e-70eec992da73","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"type":"action","action":{"type":"button","variant":"primary","fullWidth":false,"label":"Je fais le test PCT","inverse":false,"target":"_self","mode":"internal","url":"/tools-resources/pct"},"id":"b69008ba-2444-4792-9b2b-94d57c1ad750","anchorId":""},{"richText":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eUne \u003cstrong\u003eprise en charge optimale \u003c/strong\u003edoit donc cibler les \u003cstrong\u003emécanismes clés \u003c/strong\u003ede la maladie :\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"ef3bb8f980e1f5833460587dcbc8ead29\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eL’inflammation de type 2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e49aa18055ed2b1d0086e08938424ff30\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eLe prurit\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e0b2310a733b054e306fdee3c55281096\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eLa fibrose\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"ea5e41f923d83e8b32408ea4040529141\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eL’hyperplasie épidermique avec hyperkératose\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","id":"582a4460-2544-4268-aa5f-4304fe4e1a74","type":"richText","anchorId":""},{"accordion":{"items":[{"title":"\u003cp\u003eQuels sont les signes cliniques du prurigo nodulaire ?\u003c/p\u003e","content":[{"richText":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eLe \u003cstrong\u003ediagnostic clinique \u003c/strong\u003edu prurigo nodulaire repose sur l'identification de trois caractéristiques facilement reconnaissables :\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e1e150ade28524c77d8d83bbb5be3a291\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003ede multiples \u003cstrong\u003elésions cutanées papulonodulaires \u003c/strong\u003elocalisées ou généralisées\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e991341d547e4ea6abb2cfd6586b277f3\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eun \u003cstrong\u003eprurit chronique intense \u003c/strong\u003edepuis 6 semaines ou plus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"ed811efbda0d1b77ed9e0b5172256e9fc\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eles \u003cstrong\u003esignes de grattage répétés \u003c/strong\u003e(excoriations, cicatrices, croutes)\u003csup\u003e18 \u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eDécouvrez plus d’explications sur le diagnostic et les symptômes du PN \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"${link:{uuid:{a5af5cc4-3c10-4a33-94ee-0e37b8cd9c23},repository:{articles},provider:{},path:{/France/prurit-nodules-et-grattage-les-trois-signes-cles-du-prurigo-nodulaire}}}\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eici\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"176cab47-13b8-486e-92a3-7b21601318c5","type":"richText","anchorId":""}],"anchorId":""},{"title":"\u003cp\u003eQuel est l'impact du prurigo nodulaire sur la qualité de vie ?\u003c/p\u003e","content":[{"richText":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eLe prurigo nodulaire impacte significativement la \u003cstrong\u003equalité de vie \u003c/strong\u003edes patients en affectant :\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"eec8e48563649bb31aaac1f2b47abf124\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003ele \u003cstrong\u003esommeil\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e20903ee093d8875a4a2469a10e25cc52\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eles \u003cstrong\u003eactivités quotidiennes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:black;\" data-list-item-id=\"e09aa4db7a3a3e6eb2ff785ede43969dc\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003ele \u003cstrong\u003ebien-être psychologique\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e19,20,21\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003ePour en savoir plus sur le fardeau de cette maladie, consultez l’article\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"${link:{uuid:{a5af5cc4-3c10-4a33-94ee-0e37b8cd9c23},repository:{articles},provider:{},path:{/France/prurigo-nodulaire-vivre-avec-une-maladie-qui-impacte-fortement-la-qualite-de-vie}}}\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eVivre avec une maladie qui impacte fortement la qualité de vie\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"1f712e23-b229-455d-b0d3-899d8df41286","type":"richText","anchorId":""}],"anchorId":""},{"title":"\u003cp\u003eÀ quel âge le prurigo nodulaire se manifeste-t-il ?\u003c/p\u003e","content":[{"richText":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003eLe prurigo nodulaire est observé dans \u003cstrong\u003etous les groupes d’âge. \u003c/strong\u003eCependant, il affecte davantage les patients \u003cstrong\u003eadultes de plus de 50 ans\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e22,23\u003c/sup\u003e. Pour en savoir plus sur les patients atteints de PN en France, cliquez \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"${link:{uuid:{a5af5cc4-3c10-4a33-94ee-0e37b8cd9c23},repository:{articles},provider:{},path:{/France/bien-plus-que-des-demangeaisons-lumiere-sur-le-prurigo-nodulaire}}}\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eici\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","id":"c6a55a3f-58f8-4f93-b632-2568a1137716","type":"richText","anchorId":""}],"anchorId":""}]},"id":"57cf6fd5-5384-4ecc-9dba-ec23accb5874","type":"accordion","anchorId":""}],"withContent":true,"references":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e4162266c49becf5d62bcd8fb316ad4c8\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eAggarwal P et al. Clinical characteristics and disease burden in prurigo nodularis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Oct;46(7):1277-1284\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"ed1898cd31bff519784582e3e181bc2c5\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eMisery L. Chronic prurigo. Br J Dermatol. 2022;187(4):464-471.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e639eec6cdca32b43903e4c1191e3cfed\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eMack MR, Kim BS. The Itch-Scratch Cycle: A Neuroimmune Perspective. Trends Immunol. 2018;39(12):980-991.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e01a193a1636b986db9d341a8375168ee\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eOetjen LK, et al. Sensory Neurons Co-opt Classical Immune Signaling Pathways to Mediate Chronic Itch. Cell. 2017;171(1):217-228.e13.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"eb3773d7db6cbfc5490bdefd7c026057d\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eGarcovich S, et al. Pruritus as a Distinctive Feature of Type 2 Inflammation. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(3):303.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e90140e38845e55f3dbf612c40f4d6a3f\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eAgelopoulos K, et al. Cutaneous neuroimmune crosstalk in pruritus. Trends Mol Med. 2022;28(6):452-462.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e7ba25118ba98955078c7cff8c6812b47\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eJha MK, et al. Type 2 cytokines pleiotropically modulate sensory nerve architecture and neuroimmune interactions to mediate itch. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025;S0091-6749(25)00577-9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"eb94ce16db1cd01a8f7004eadda3d9a21\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eCampion M, et al. Neuropeptide-mediated regulation of human cutaneous neuroinflammation: from brain-skin connection to new therapeutic approaches. Exp Dermatol. 2019;28(12):1501-1504.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"eb0e919b53e0a97d36bfb45af263c5297\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eMack MR, et al. Sensory neuron TLR4 mediates the development of nerve-driven itch and scratch-induced pathology. Front Mol Neurosci. 2023;16:1258823.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"ec98a0a6063ff2ee56ac18001f3a0dd33\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eMisery L, et al. JACI 2023 Jul;152(1):11-23.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e90dc44767a0b71a9866802c65e06a82f\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eZeidler C, et al. Chronic Prurigo of Nodular Type: a review. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98(2):173-179.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"ec4b19fcff09615a7cf787497e59a4f0c\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eWeigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S. Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37(5):578-86.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"ebbe312341e6c4e7f5cbb516a180a1ebc\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eKowalski EH, et al. Treatment-resistant prurigo nodularis: challenges and solutions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;28(12):163-172.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e971b64c1e2d89c6e2e072ee9ba3ef133\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eZeidler C, Ständer S. The pathogenesis of Prurigo nodularis--'Super-Itch' in exploration. Eur J Pain. 2016;20:37-40.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"ec406b86b85f4294e2bfaaaf19085d8eb\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eYook HJ, Lee JH. Prurigo Nodularis: Pathogenesis and the Horizon of Potential Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 9;25(10):5164. doi: 10.3390/ijms25105164. PMID: 38791201; PMCID: PMC11121340.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e61ff2ebf55e429c992756fddbe7d2d17\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eHashimoto T, et al. The big four in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of prurigo nodularis: Interplay among type 2 inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis, and itch from neuroimmune dysregulation. Clin Dermatol. 2025 Sep-Oct;43(5):614-625.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"effb0776f7061a801a086ba71f701404f\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eMetz M, Zeidler C, Hawro T, et al. Development and Validation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure to Assess Disease Control in Chronic Prurigo. JAMA Dermatol. January 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.5519\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"eef8411a33f40424645e32d5f4551610c\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eStänder S, et al. IFSI-guideline on chronic prurigo including prurigo nodularis. Itch. 2020;5:e42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"ec9ed4f89647e9bc0765cf890896ea2cb\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eElmariah S, et al. Practical approaches for diagnosis and management of prurigo nodularis: United States expert panel consensus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(3):747-760.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e782c6e194aa955d856490509c5cf4ab8\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eMisery et al. JEADV. Impact of chronic prurigo nodularis on daily life and stigmatization. Volume 37, Issue 7, July 2023. Pages e908-e909.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e90885e339dd1e1fc02ed688c80ed02f9\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eStander et al. J Dermatolog Treat. 2026\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"ck-list-marker-color\" style=\"--ck-content-list-marker-color:#1D1D1D;\" data-list-item-id=\"e4389cecaf9a114c0f1f51335f2eb1355\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003eHughes JM, et al. Association between Prurigo Nodularis and Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy: Suggesting a Role for Neural Dysregulation in Pathogenesis. Medicines (Basel). 2020;7(1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli data-list-item-id=\"ef7efef0c57abd001a7b68b9ef30ca32d\"\u003e23.\u003cspan style=\"color:#1D1D1D;\"\u003ePereira MP, et al. Chronic nodular prurigo : clinical profile and burden. A European cross-sectional study. 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