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<h1 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-nv-site-bg-color has-text-color">La photographie histoire et invention</h1>
<p class="has-text-align-center has-nv-site-bg-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:20px"><strong>Ce blog retrace l’histoire de la photographie de l’antiquité à son invention officielle et aujourd’hui : le tout numérique.</strong></p>
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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Est-il possible aujourd’hui d’imaginer comment a pu se former l’idée de la photo au début du XXe siècle ? Alors que seuls quelques esprits pouvaient en formuler le principe. Il ne pouvaient d’ailleurs en entrevoir les modalités futurs.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="900" height="600" src="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/premiere-photographie-joseph-nicephore-niepce.jpg" alt="Première photographie connue Nicéphore Niepce" class="wp-image-160" style="width:675px;height:450px" srcset="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/premiere-photographie-joseph-nicephore-niepce.jpg 900w, https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/premiere-photographie-joseph-nicephore-niepce-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/premiere-photographie-joseph-nicephore-niepce-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Première photographie connue Nicéphore Niepce. Toutes ces <strong>vieilles photos</strong> sont prisées dans le <strong>domaine de l’antiquité</strong>.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph">A la suite d’une longue documentation, Notre photographe raconte l’<strong>invention et l’histoire de la photographie</strong>. Dans le monde de l’<strong>antiquités brocante</strong> les <strong>vieilles photographies</strong>, les <strong>vieux appareils photo</strong> ont une côte énorme.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">La photographie son invention</h2>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Histoire de la photographie ses origines</h3>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">De nombreuses innovations technologiques et techniques dans les domaines de l’optique, de la mécanique et de la chimie permirent à la photographie d’exister. Par contre, les deux paramètres obligatoires pour avoir une image photographique, chambre noire, réfraction lumineuses et phénomènes de réflexion, étaient connus depuis de nombreux siècles et découverts dans un traité d’optique datant du XIe siècle.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La chambre noire</h3>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L’histoire de la photo remonte à l’antiquité, d’ailleurs, Aristote, (384-322 av. J.-C.), connaissait déjà le principe de la chambre noire ainsi que l’érudit perse Ibn Al-Haytham (965-1038) sans oublier un peu plus tard Léonard de Vinci (1452-1519). Effectivement, La chambre noire est l’ancêtre incontestée des appareils photographiques. C’est une boite totalement hermétique à la lumière. Sur la face avant un trou minuscule est percé, pour l’obtention d’une image nette. C’est le sténopé. Une image inversée du sujet éclairé se forme sur l’autre face opposée.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="428" src="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/procedes-photographies-photographique-1024x428.jpg" alt="photographie invention antiquités" class="wp-image-142" srcset="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/procedes-photographies-photographique-1024x428.jpg 1024w, https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/procedes-photographies-photographique-300x125.jpg 300w, https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/procedes-photographies-photographique-768x321.jpg 768w, https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/procedes-photographies-photographique-1536x642.jpg 1536w, https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/procedes-photographies-photographique.jpg 1640w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cette <strong>chambre photographique ancienne</strong>, une <strong>belle pièce d’antiquité</strong>, a été confiée par <strong>Brocante débarras maison en Gironde à Libourne</strong>, <a href="https://debarrasvidemaison.fr/">voir le site</a>, pour une prise de vue réalisée en argentique..</figcaption></figure>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La chimie</h3>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Déjà, les alchimistes connaissaient l’action noircissante de la lumière sur le chlorure d’argent. Jacques Charles, en 1780, réussit à fixer de manière fugitive, une silhouette depuis une chambre noire sur du papier imbibé de chlorure d’argent. Thomas Wedgwood réussit des expériences identiques avec le nitrate d’argent. En 1819, John Herschel découvre l’action de l’hyposulfite de sodium que l’on appellera plus tard le fixateur.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="block-41a758cf-088b-42f8-8655-a7f4598f8791">Technique et pratique de la photographie</h2>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph" id="block-4992373a-d574-42d9-a6fb-62275f854272">Ainsi, <a href="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/louis-daguerre-daguerreotype/">Louis Daguerre</a>, du moins officiellement, inventa la photographie en 1839. Cela veut dire qu’à cette date fut rendu publique la découverte de la photographie, ou d’une certaine pratique photographique, en l’occurrence le daguerréotype. Cette pratique est immédiatement suivie par d’autres techniques fort différentes, <a href="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/fox-talbot-le-calotype/">William Henry Fox Talbot</a> et l’oublié <a href="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/hippolyte-bayard/">Hippolyte Bayard</a>. Et, une polémique naissait sur le rôle exacte de <a href="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/nicephore-niepce/">Nicéphore Niepce</a>, décédé en 1833.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="600" height="353" src="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/nicephore-niepce-la-table-servie.jpg" alt="Nicéphore Niepce la table servie : histoire de la photographie" class="wp-image-139" srcset="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/nicephore-niepce-la-table-servie.jpg 600w, https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/nicephore-niepce-la-table-servie-300x177.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Nicéphore Niepce: la table servie | <strong>Antiquités brocante</strong>, histoire de la photographie</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Alors, que s’est-il passé avant 1839 ? Qui a permis à cette technique de se manifester, de réussir et de s’affirmer sur un marché ? La photographie d’aujourd’hui n’a rien à voir avec la photographie inventée en 1839. La question des antécédents d’une pratique devenue prospère et populaire est plus philosophique qu’il n’y parait. Il ne s’agit pas de rechercher à tout prix en fouillant dans le passé, d’illustres personnages oubliés qui auraient eu, avant d’autres, l’idée de tel usage, tel tâtonnement qui passerait aujourd’hui pour décisif. Il s’agit de voir comment un concept technologique a été conçu en prospective, un conditionnement du présent par l’avenir, par ce qui n’est pas encore.</p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Notamment, la difficulté d’élaborer une histoire de la photographie tient d’abord à la suprématie du modèle de l’histoire de l’art, et plus spécifiquement de l’histoire de la peinture pour justifier sa valeur hiérarchique. Car, cette référence omniprésente pose inévitablement la douloureuse question de l’intégration de la photographie à l’art débattue depuis le milieu du XXe siècle. <a href="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/george-eastman-fondateur-de-kodak/">George Eastman photographe fondateur de Kodak</a> a démocratisé la photographie.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Histoire de la photographie l’art</h2>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Les photographies, images sur papier, monochromes, ont d’emblé été perçues comme des documents graphiques proches du dessin, de la lithographie, de la gravure. Baudelaire souhaitait que la photographie soit considérée comme accessoire artistique, dans ses commentaires du salon de 1859. Ensuite d’autres pionniers comme, <a href="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/nadar/">Nadar</a>, et aussi <a href="https://www.marc-lucascio.fr/charles-negre/">Charles Nègre</a>, donnèrent à la photographie le rang de discipline artistique..</p>
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